Do Mooching, Chiseling, and Favoritism undermine police effectiveness Research Paper

Do Mooching, Chiseling, and Favoritism undermine police effectiveness - Research Paper Example This prevents the police from taking action towards that person when he/she violates the law. Mooching therefore reduce the powers embedded to the police by the public to arrest any law breaker. This creates a bad image of the force as they are viewed as powerless and ineffective. In addition, the officers are unable to undertake their mandate appropriately due to hindrances of gifts they received. Instead they try to give back through ignoring the acts committed by the person (Siegel, 2009). Sometimes police officers are underpaid therefore finding it hard to reject offers offered by the public. They interact with these people in entertainment halls where they are likely to be given free or discounted admission to these areas. This binds them against efficient operations as they try to repay the favour they received in these places even if they were not in their line of duty. When these people violate the law police ignores their acts or they try to lenient when handling their cases. This aspect has reduced efficiency in service delivery by the officers (Palmiotto, 2000). Some officers are offered with new licence tabs and window stickers when purchasing a car. Mainly dealers in these materials avoid being given traffic citations by offering the officers with clean licence tabs and window stickers. These are even extended to their family, friends, wives. This makes it hard for other officers to conduct their operations as all these people seem to have legal documents although they are not genuine (Conser, Paynich, & Gingerich, 2011). When an officer is favoured he/she not only makes it hard for him to conduct his operation but he/she hinders the operations of the other people. In extreme cases accidents occur as a result of favouritism. This is because people who favoured the police officers know clearly that even if they

Trying To Sell An IPod Essay Example for Free

Trying To Sell An IPod Essay Have you ever ridden a bus or the train feeling bored without no one to talk to and wishing that you were listening to something good? Have you ever got on a car or other public transport vehicle or went to a public place where the music that is playing is somewhat not your preference and you wished that you could somehow change the station? Have you ever heard your favorite music playing and wished that you could turn the dial up so that you could enjoy it more? Well wish no more because with an iPod you can do all these things and so much more.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With todays busy and noisy world, every person tries to find a place where they can find peace to be able to concentrate and do what they have to do. This can be hard, which is why a lot of people choose to â€Å"lose† themselves in the world of music with their music players. Also, music most definitely kills boredom. There are a lot of times where you find yourself waiting in line without no one to talk to or waiting for someone to arrive and you find yourself standing there looking like an idiot without nothing to do. Other times you find yourself staring at those people with their own music players who looks like they are enjoying what they are hearing and it makes you want to listen to what they are listening to.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Digital music players are such popular devices right now because they make music and other files manageable and portable. You can see almost every teenager and young adults bobbing their heads with the beat of their music from their players. Adults also use this to play music, store files, and do other things like podcasting. â€Å"Podcasting are digital media files, such as audio or video, which are produced in a series† (Bertucci â€Å"What is Podcasting?†). Aside from listening to music, students can also find that an iPod has many other uses. An iPod can be used as a course content dissemination tool, recording tool, support tool, or a file storage and transfer (â€Å"Duke University iPod First Year Experience Final Evaluation Report†).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   So you think that you do not need an iPod? Let me tell you why you should change your mind. There are a lot of digital music players out in the market today; however, they are all basically the same because they are all capable of playing music in different formats. So why iPod in particular? The first thing that a consumer looks for is quality. With an iPod, there is no need to worry because its producer, which is Apple, is a very trusted brand when it comes to technology (Evans â€Å"Apple Most Trusted US Brand†). The iPod series are very simple yet show a class of its own that not many companies can not produce. You can find whatever kind of player you need because every player that Apple produces fits every individuals needs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Apple offers the iPod shuffle, iPod nano, iPod classic, and iPod touch. For those with limited budget and could settle for a memory that can hold only about 240 songs, an iPod shuffle is the best choice. The 1GB shuffle only costs $49 while the newer model with 2GB is at $69 (â€Å"iPod shuffle†). It comes in a variety of colors and with its size, no one will have any problem carrying it around. The iPod classic is probably the best choice among all the iPod products. At $249, it boasts of 160GB storage capability and a sleek design (â€Å"iPod classic†). This is enough to store all your favorite music or albums, as well as photos and podcasts, and other files that you need to carry around. An iPod is something for both the average consumer and the techies. It is simple to use and files can be stored with just a few steps yet it offers so much more to those who would like to take advantage of its full services. If money is not an issue for you and you are always on the go, then an iPhone may be the best to offer. It doubles as an iPod and a cellphone so that there is no need to carry two devices at one time. Having an iPhone lessens the probability that you might lose the other or both because you have too many things in your hand.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Imagine life without music. This will be what your life would be like without an iPod. It can become sad, boring, and quiet. Without it, you will be able to hear every other noise there is in the world, which will make it hard to concentrate. Another great thing about an iPod is that it can be a social tool. It can become something to talk about between friends or colleagues. It can be added to the long list of topics that guys can use to talk about with the girls they like. For girls, it can be something to do while trying to ignore a guy you do not want to talk to.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many people argue that the iPod has become too commercial and the individuality is lost all together. However, people should realize and keep in mind that this is bound to happen because of its success. Other music players do not do well on the market simply because they can not beat the iPods features and looks. With its affordable price and unbeatable features, why would you settle for anything less? Everyone owning an iPod does not matter because what it does for you is more important. Works Cited Bertucci, Brian. â€Å"What is Podcasting?† About.com. 14 April 2008.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://podcasting.about.com/od/basics101/a/whatis.htm â€Å"Duke University iPod First Year Experience Final Evaluation Report.† June 2005. 14 April   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2008 cit.duke.edu/pdf/reports/ipod_initiative_04_05.pdf Evans, Jonny. â€Å"Apple Most Trusted US Brand.† Macworld. 17 May 2007. 14 April 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.macworld.co.uk/news/index.cfm?RSSnewsID=18062 â€Å"iPod classic.†Ã‚   Apple. 14 April 2008 http://www.apple.com/ipodclassic/ â€Å"iPod shuffle.† Apple. 14 April 2008 http://www.apple.com/ipodshuffle/

Season of Migration to the North by Tayeb Salih Essay -- Season of Mig

Written by Tayeb Salih, the novel ‘Season of Migration to the North’ as described by The Observer â€Å"is an Arabian Nights in reverse, enclosing a pithy moral about international misconceptions and delusions.† The novel is set both in England and the Sudan, showing the stark social differences within these two locations. In this essay, I will evaluate the reasons supporting and opposing Mahjoub’s statement as defined in ‘Season of Migration to the North’. In the first line of the novel (and once more later in the book: "dear sirs" page 62), the narrator introduces the reader to a male-dominated world by suggesting his audience is masculine; "It was, gentlemen, after a long absence—seven years, to be exact, during which time I was studying in Europe—that I returned to my people.† Despite the subtlety of the word â€Å"gentlemen†, this, I believe is purposefully done, to immediately show the reader the extent to which village life is dominated entirely by the male. Its subtlety reflects the idea that male dominance has become just a normal part of life, to the point where it can almost be looked over. The death of Mustafa Sa’eed meant that his widow was placed in the care of the narrator, â€Å"You’re the bride’s guardian.† This suggests that even as a widow, a woman was not free to do as she pleased, with regards to who she was to wed. The fact that a widow was being dictated to, showed that the village society was more patriarchal than that of the society that existe...

Buddhism (The Buddha)

The Buddha sought to show us how to overcome suffering by attaining Nibbana. Buddhism is the fourth largest religion in the world today. Its history that now span some two and a half centuries began from the birth of its founder, Prince Siddhartha Gautama. Most scholars agree that Siddharta who became known as Buddha was an actual historical persona. He began the religion and philosophy of Buddhism when he reached Enlightenment in 535 BCE while meditating under a Bodhi tree following his abandonment of the life of luxury (The Buddha).Beliefs and Ethics Central to Buddhism is the understanding of the nature of humans and the causes of human suffering or dukkha. The Buddhists hold the viewpoint that human suffering lays in ignorance, concluding that it is a condition brought about by conflict and stress inherent in human existence and the interaction with the world (Buddhist Ethics 2005). There are various schools of Buddhism such that it has no one bible or sacred texts but instead, a vast collection of authoritative texts from different traditions.Theravada Buddhism has the Tipitaka or Pali canon; Mahayana Buddhism has the Chinese Buddhist Tripitaka, and the Tibetan branch has the Kangyur and Tengyur, among others (Strong, 2008). In sum, the following constitute part of the basic beliefs in Buddhism: A. The Four Noble Truths 1. Life is suffering or dukkha; 2. The origin of suffering is attachment or craving; 3. Attachments can be overcome, and this cessation of suffering is called nirvana; 4. The way to accomplish the cessation of suffering is the Eightfold Path (Boerre).B. The Eightfold Path – consists of eight elements that can be grouped into the three categories, as follows: †¢ Wisdom or prajna – right view and right aspiration or intention †¢ Morals – rights speech; right action and right livelihood †¢ Meditation or samadhi – right effort; right mindfulness, and right concentration (Strong, 2008). C. Karma  œ all of human actions bear consequences within a cycle of human craving and suffering, such that our lives are always conditioned by our past actions (Buddhist Teachings). D.Buddhist ethics or precepts termed as sila – made up of the four conditions of chastity, calmness, quiet and extinguishment. According to the Karmic Law, keeping sila is meritorious and serves as good cause to bring about happy or peaceful effects (Buddhism 2008). E. Rebirth – consciousness continues beyond death, finding expression in another life or reincarnation in the future (Buddhist Teachings). F. Enlightenment – through the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, one is liberated from karma towards Enlightenment, the state of being that transcends suffering (Buddhist Teachings).Customs and Festivals Because there are many schools of Buddhism that have emerged throughout the centuries, the rituals and practices of Buddhists vary according to tradition in different parts of the globe . Significant Buddhist customs include the following: A. Veneration of the Buddha – refers to the honoring of, and meditation, on the qualities of the Buddha. B. Pilgrimage – the main purposes of the pilgrimage to the many Buddhist centers is the fostering of spiritual discipline or the fulfillment of a vow.C. Ordination – the rite of passage of anyone wishing to be a Buddhist monk involves the renouncing of secular life and accepting life in the monastic sangha as a novice (Venerating). Buddhist festivals are important holy days celebrated in various traditions, which include: †¢ Dharma Day, which marks the beginning of the teachings of Buddha; †¢ Losar, the most important Tibetan holiday that marks the New Year (lunar); †¢ Parinirvana, a Mahayan Buddhist holiday marking Buddha's death;†¢ Wesak festival, the most important festival in the Buddhist calendar, celebrates the birthday of Buddha on the full moon of the month of May. Sangha Day th at celebrates the spiritual community (Holy days). The divisions of Buddhism have sometimes been called sects or schools, but in this book I have used the word lineage, as it seems to fit better with Buddhist experience. A Buddhist is one who has taken refuge, and he or she has taken refuge in a specific tradition whose teachers stretch back, or are claimed to stretch back, in an unbroken line or lineage to Shakyamuni Buddha.There is one over-arching principle in the effective spread of Buddhism: skillful means. As Buddhism asks the individual, so it asks a culture: What is it, do you think, that will bring you the most happiness? When it has heard the response, Buddhism says, under its breath, But that will only bring you samsaric happiness, and continues, out loud, That is good, the Dharma can help you. Then, starting from that samsaric desire, it seeks a way of assisting the individual or culture to break out into extra-samsaric joy.Most countries into which Buddhism spread were what we might call low cultures, that is, they had rich local traditions but little sense of nationhood or broad cultural identity, and did not have a national religion or philosophy. Buddhism was able to supply this lack. It provided a Great Tradition perspective, encouraging local customs to coalesce into national polities and incorporating them in a supra-national worldview. The price was the downgrading of the local customs.Indigenous deities were said either to have converted to Buddhism, becoming Dharma Protectors (dharma-pala), or foolishly to have rejected it, thus being demoted to demons. The only country in which this did not happen smoothly was China. It had already developed, in Confucianism and Taoism, sophisticated national systems, and so was not the â€Å"pushover† that, for example, Tibet was. Buddhism had to be more humble as it approached the Chinese, and it has often smelled, to good upstanding Confucians, of foreigners and their nefarious plots.Even so, t he cultural blending was such that Buddhism came to be counted as the third religion of China, and the eirenic phrase ‘The three religions are a harmonious unity’ was coined. No other foreign system, other than Communism, has been able to penetrate Chinese culture so completely. Buddhism says that it can be said that since the human problem is essentially one of ignorance, and since this is a phenomenon that exists in varying degrees of intensity, it is always worth examining any claims to truth.This is especially the case when the Absolute Truth attested by Buddhism is beyond perfect verbalization, for another religious or philosophical tradition, despite apparent conflict of ideas, may actually be trying with different terms to express the same ultimate perception which is enshrined in Buddhism itself. Rival truth claims are, then, not necessarily hostile and the Buddhist should feel it possible to engage in interested discussion with advocates of other ideologies. Fu rther, it is always possible that other religions may be able to suggest useful techniques for the attainment or apprehension of Absolute Truth.Yet the Buddhist knows that the propositions which attempt to approximate Truth must be submitted to the light of the ultimate Buddhist experience, and if they cannot be seen to lead toward this, they are in genuine and decisive conflict with Buddhism. Each religion, then, is open to dialogue, but each presents a touchstone by which authority is to be tested – the experience which suggests the U+016nyatA concept for Buddhism, and for Christianity the experience of God as he expresses himself in Christ.Interestingly enough, this emphasis on a decisive experience or intuition of Truth means that ardent adherents of both recognize the significance of Kierkegaard’s dictum about subjectivity being truth and know that there are important respects in which a man committed to another religious experience may yet understand mine far bet ter than a purely objective observer can ever hope to do. To study and record the observable data of a religious tradition is utterly useless for the purpose of understanding what the religious man considers important about it.Thus the dialogue between Christians and Buddhists may well be more productive of sympathetic understanding (even with strongly affirmed disagreement) than that between either Christians or Buddhists with disinterested social scientists. Resources Strong, John. Experience of Buddhism. Retrieved 07 Apr. 2008 from Shippensburg University Site: http://webspace. ship. edu/cgboer/buddhawise. html. Buddhism. (2008, April 7). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 20:38, April 10, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title= Buddhism&oldid=169957239. Buddhist Ethics and Social Criticism. (Updated 21 June 2005). Retrieved 07 Apr. 2008 from Image India Site: http://india_resource. tripod. com/buddhism. htm. Buddhist Teachings. Retrieved 07 Apr. 2008 from bbc. co. uk Site: http://www. bbc. co. uk/religion/religions/buddhism/beliefs/buddhateachings. shtml. Holy Days. Retrieved 07 Apr. 2008 from bbc. co. uk Site: http://www. bbc. co. uk/religion/religions/buddhism/holydays/.‘Religious text. ’ (2008, October 23). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 14:44, April 9, 2008, from http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title= Religious_text&oldid=166613250. The Buddha. Retrieved 07 Apr. 2008 from bbc. co. uk Site: http://www. bbc. co. uk/ religion/religions/buddhism/history/history. shtml. Venerating the Buddha, Pilgrimage and Ordination. Retrieved 07 Apr. 2008 from bbc. co. uk Site: http://www. bbc. co. uk/religion/religions/buddhism/ customs/customs. shtml.

When Brothers Share a Wife

Polyandry is a form of polygamy whereby a woman has several husbands. In Tibet those husbands are often brothers, which is why it is most commonly called â€Å"Fraternal Polyandry†. The eldest brother is normally dominant in terms of authority, that is, in managing the household, but all the brothers share the work and participate as sexual partners. Goldstein's article focuses on the overlap between the domestic group, defined as those individuals that live in a single household together, and the kin group, or people who view themselves as relatives, within a certain Tibetan society near Limi, Nepal. According to the article, the idea of polygyny – the taking of more than one wife by a single man – is practiced by consanguine brothers for primarily economic reasons in addition to reasons of tradition. Because of the time requirement of the subsistence economy, a man setting up a monogamous household would find it difficult if not impossible to farm, manage the animals, and care to his husband duties. The article concludes by discussing the decline of polyandrous marriages, and even goes so far as to describe that the practice may be completely gone within a single generation's time. Discussion Item: The article makes me curious how often persons from a more industrialized region paying visit to a tribal or otherwise remote region and exposed to social elements different from that which is typically seen in their own culture judge the people whom they are visiting, or conclude that their practices are â€Å"uncivilized†, â€Å"barbaric† or â€Å"disgusting† without stopping and taking the time to think critically about the economic, political and social reasons behind the practice, as well as the ramifications of changing.

Tips for Maintaining Your Hybrid Vehicle

Tips for Maintaining Your Hybrid Vehicle Hybrids differ little from regular vehicles when it comes to routine maintenance items. Other than the systems that control the onboard storage batteries and the additional electric drive motor, routine maintenance for hybrids follows pretty much lock step with your fathers Oldsmobile. Follow our routine vehicle maintenance schedule to make sure you have all of the basics covered. Full Hybrid Vehicles If operated as designed, full hybrid vehicles have the ability to shut off their internal combustion engines and operate on the electric motor only under certain conditions. (e.g. low-speed maneuvering and light cruising). Needless to say, the engine doesn’t work as hard resulting in reduced wear and tear. Hybrids also often employ regenerative braking systems that both charge the batteries and reduce wear on brake components. Because of the way that the internal combustion engine, the electric drive motor, and the transmission are mated together to work more or less as an entity, a malfunction in one component can affect the way the others function. Serious troubleshooting, diagnosis, and repair of this system is best left to professionals. You can check the transmission fluid, change out spark plugs and fuel and air filters, but delving much deeper does require specialized training. Sophisticated Electronics The complex electronic modules that control the electric drive motor for both propulsion and regenerative braking can generate enormous amounts of heat, so those often have their own dedicated cooling systems. The battery control modules regulate both charge and discharge rates as well as the state of charge of the entire bank. To operate consistently under all conditions, these systems will often employ both heating and cooling systems. When performing the regular maintenance on the engine cooling system, remember to check the individual hoses, pipes, and clamps as well as any additional filters that may be used on the motor and battery cooling/heating system. Be Safe and Beware the Orange Hybrids generally are equipped with dual voltage systems. Though most of the electrical system is safe standard 12-volt, the drive motor and related components operate well in excess of 100 volts. The safety threshold is low and narrow, an electrical shock with as little as 50 volts can prove fatal. To warn technicians and operators of these high voltage circuits, the cables are wrapped in a bright orange casing. To safely maintain and repair these components, the system must be de-powered, a task that is absolutely best left to trained technicians.

Nike is one of the leaders of sport footwear essayEssay Writing Service

Nike is one of the leaders of sport footwear essayEssay Writing Service Nike is one of the leaders of sport footwear essay Nike is one of the leaders of sport footwear essayNike is one of the largest sport footwear manufacturers in the world. The company holds a strong position in the market and currently Nike is one of the leaders of the world sport footwear industry. The rise of the company as the world leader dates back to the 1990s when the company has just started its international market expansion becoming a sponsor of World Cup of 1994. From that moment on, Nike conducted the aggressive international market expansion policy oriented on the fast entrance of new markets and taking the lead at the local level.At the same time, there were several factors contributing to the overall marketing success of the company. First of all, one of the main conditions of the overall success of Nike’s marketing strategy was the focus on the company on the development and introduction of innovations. At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that the company invested into the research and development as a strategic direction in its business development. As a result, the company has managed to introduce innovations and outpaced its major rivals taking the lead in the market. In such a situation, the major rivals of Nike, such as Adidas had to keep pace with the progress of Nike and introduce their own innovations to enhance their competitive position in the market. Today, the company continues its marketing strategy oriented on the wider introduction of innovations as the major drivers of sales of the company.Furthermore, the company’s marketing strategy focuses on the sustainability of its products and product development (Ofek Johnson 511). In actuality, sustainability is very important today as a part of the marketing strategy of the company because customers grow more and more concerned about their environment and minimization of the negative impact of human activities on the environment. In addition, the sustainable development of Nike makes its sport footwear more endu rable and environment friendly. As a result, customers prefer safe and environment-friendly products. In such a way, Nike can take a strategic advantage over its rivals offering endurable and environment-friendly products.Furthermore, another important trend in the development of Nike is the growing trend to outsourcing and removal of the production from the US and other well-developed countries to countries of the third world, where the production costs are cheaper due to the available resources and low costs of the labor force in the market. The move of production to developing countries allows Nike to decrease the costs of production and, therefore, the price of its products. Lower price makes products of Nike more competitive and provide customers with the possibility to purchase Nike footwear more frequently and in larger amounts (Riezebos 183). In addition such strategy brings the company considerable savings due to the lower costs of production. As a result, the company can i ncrease its revenues and invest them into the further development of the production and international market expansion.Finally, the company takes the strategic advantage over its rivals due to the marketing strategy applied at the moment. Nike attempts to take the leading position in the marketing conducting aggressive promotional campaign and sponsoring the major sport events, like World Cups.Thus, at the moment, Nike is one of the leaders of sport footwear industry and it can enhance its position in the future even more.

Vet, Vetted, Vetting

Vet, Vetted, Vetting Vet, Vetted, Vetting Vet, Vetted, Vetting By Maeve Maddox The verb vet, â€Å"investigate someone’s suitability for a job,† took the American media by storm during the presidential campaign of 2008. Vet was Number Two on Merriam-Webster’s Word of the Year list that year. (Bailout was Number One.) Although the word has been in American dictionaries for close to 100 years, few US speakers seem to have heard of it before 2008. Some forum participants continue to puzzle over it: The past presidential election is the first time I heard the term â€Å"vet† or â€Å"vetting  a candidate.† What does it mean? (2012) Honestly, I had never heard the word before until today. (2013) Here are some examples of the word’s current use on the Web: Hollywoods medical storylines vetted by those who know 10 Steps for Vetting Unknown Internet Sources The Garda Central Vetting Unit (GCVU) provides the only official vetting service in the Republic of Ireland. While it is general practice for most employers to call references and confirm previous employers, vetting an employee delves a little deeper into the applicants background. Some speakers–apparently lacking access to a dictionary–speculate that the verb vet may derive from veteran or veto: Coming from the word veteran maybe? From Latin veto (to prohibit), referring to the practice of having an opportunity to veto a decision before it is finalized. Wrong. The verb â€Å"to vet† is derived from the noun veterinarian. It originated as a term meaning, â€Å"to submit an animal to examination or treatment by a veterinary surgeon.† The earliest citation in the OED illustrates the word in the context of horse racing: 1891: Beau is shaky in his fore legs. I shall have him vetted before the races. By 1904, the term had spread to general usage with this meaning: to examine carefully and critically for deficiencies or errors; specifically, to investigate the suitability of (a person) for a post that requires loyalty and trustworthiness. As for veteran and veto, the English word veteran comes from a Latin word for old. â€Å"Old soldiers,† for example, were called veterani. Veto translates as â€Å"I forbid,† a declaration spoken by Roman tribunes of the people when they wished to oppose measures of the Senate or actions of the magistrates. The Latin source word for veterinary and veterinarian is veterinus: â€Å"a beast of burden.† Veterinus may have been a contracted form of vehiterinus, a word related to the verb vehere, to carry or convey. A beast of burden carries things. Veterinarians care for beasts of burden. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Idioms About NumbersOn Behalf Of vs. In Behalf OfWhile vs. Whilst

Types of Unethical Behavior of Salesperson Assignment

Types of Unethical Behavior of Salesperson - Assignment Example First and foremost, the notion of PSIs is one that has been investigated for over fifty years and probes to pose a conflict in the arenas ob business and direct sales. PSIs are exactly what they sound like: they are incentives offered by manufacturers to salespeople. These incentives serve to encourage the salespeople to promote certain products often to the neglect of other competing products. One can clearly see the ethical dilemma posed by PSIs as they are sometimes equated to bribes in that their underlying purpose is to motivate the compensated salespeople to offer advice to a customer that might contradict their true feelings on the product as well as illicit a recommendation that might not have necessarily occurred in the absence of the incentive. If a salesperson is charged with the responsibility of selling a full array of products, how can he/she is good conscious sell products to a client who may be inferior or may not necessarily meet the requirements requested by the cus tomer Additionally, how are we to justify the bias that the presence of PSIs introduces into the selling process. This raises a very prudent concern in that the stakeholders may be given an inaccurate picture of the quality of the product through the use of deceptive sales practice (Radin & Oppenheimer, 2002). Another ethical issue raised within the field of sales is the notion that many salespersons are obligated to sell all of the products carried by a store. In some instances, the salesperson is aware of the fact that the product could possibly pose harm to the customer. In the course of a sale, the customer may reveal information to the salesperson which indicates that the product may not be good for the customer. For example, if a customer reveals that he/she suffers from a bad back and would like to purchase a sofa. The store may have only one sofa that fits the customer's need but it may be inappropriate for his/her bad back.  

Case analysis Scandinavian Airline Systems in 1988 (on vertical Essay

Case analysis Scandinavian Airline Systems in 1988 (on vertical integration) - Essay Example .. 6 2.4 Evaluation of SAS’s Strategies ................................................................ 7 3.0 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 8 Reference List .................................................................................................... 9 Scandinavian Airline Systems in 1988 1.0 Introduction The case study under consideration is pertaining to the airline industry. The quintessential aspects of the airline sector are that since the times of its genesis, it has always been profit driven, innovation dependent, service oriented, capital intensive and cyclical (Morrison & Winston 1995). In fact, it is a sector that has witnessed dramatic changes since 70s (Morrison & Winston 1995). Therefore, the airline that constitutes the focus of this case study, which is Scandinavian Airlines System, is not much different. Like most of what one may call successful airlines, SAS has also gone through altering phases of restructuring and consolidation. The period being discussed in this case study is the one spanning from early 70s to the late 80s. Over the years, SAS has metamorphosed from being a small yet innovative airline catering to a limited and localized customer base, to the one that has evolved into being an important international player. This journey for SAS group has not been sans challenges and difficulties that required strategic thinking and leadership pertaining to all the aspects of this business. In its quest for sustenance, SAS resorted to varied permutations and combinations of restructuring, alliances, vertical and horizontal integration. Aided with an all knowing hind sight, it will be really easy to analyze the decisions taken by the SAS leadership. Yes, it would not change SAS’s past. Still, such an analysis extends an important academic opportunity for learning and practical application of strategic management. 2.0 Analysis and Evaluation 2.1 External Environment and Internal Strategic Capabilities of SAS For the purpose of carrying out the SWOT analysis of SAS, it is imperative to have a desirable objective (Barney & Hesterly 2008). The stated objective is to assure the long term viability of the company in the altered external environment, as it existed in 1988. The major strength of SAS is its strong position in Europe and its global route network (Ghoshal et al. 1988). Right from its conception, the organization had an innovative and aggressive approach towards business (Ghoshal et al. 1988). The airline has a history of striking successful alliances in areas of technology, business processes, product distribution and reservation, an approach which so far has consolidated its position (Ghoshal et al. 1988). SAS has a firm financial footing as compared to its competitors (Ghoshal et al. 1988). It has successfully managed to horizontally restructure itself through employee education and empowerment (Ghoshal et al. 1988). The airline has a strong hold over the business traveller segment (Ghoshal et al. 1988). It has a positive reputation for efficiency, service quality and punctuality (Ghoshal et al. 1988). Through forward vertical integration it has developed into an â€Å"A to Z† airline in terms of product differentiation, product distribution and reservation (Ghoshal et al. 1988; Capon 2008). The organization has besides the airline, four other independent business units, which are profit earning and are

HIS-102-Western Civ Post 1689 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HIS-102-Western Civ Post 1689 - Assignment Example It is also important to note that parliamentary monarchy is bound to constructional provisions of the state, but there are power exceptions in the event of constitutional crisis (Witmer 42). United Kingdom is a good example of a parliamentary monarch. Political absolutism is organized like a monarchy, but political power is unlimited and centralized to the ruler. In other words, the political leader has authority over the state. Absolutism lacks constitutional provisions, thereby directing governance and leadership to the discretion of the political leader. Examples of absolutism include Nazi Germany and North Korea’s political system. In most cases, political absolutism exhibits critical practices of dictatorship. In a parliamentary monarchy, one family could dominate the monarch for centuries while elective positions are shared by the legislature. On the other hand, political absolutism is likely to result in the violation of human rights. In this respect, a parliamentary monarchy is better than political absolutism because it is constitutional in

Cloning of Animals Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cloning of Animals - Assignment Example This somatic cell is from the genetic donor. This is a process where â€Å"the nucleus of a somatic cell is transferred to the cytoplasm of an enucleated egg† or an egg whose nucleus is removed in order to remove the female’s DNA. This female is the egg donor. These bad results of cloning like the oversized heads and the twisted limbs are due to the epigenetics problem. This is the â€Å"control of gene expression (specifically transcription), that is not dependent on DNA base sequence.† This means that SCNT, or somatic cell nuclear transfer, produces the epigenetic error. Why? (READ THE CAUSES): The same technology is used, of course. Those animals that are born alive from the SCNT process are processed as food. So far, cows, pigs and sheep are used as food. But cloned animals for food are not that practical. Why ? Because there are 3 basic problems with this: Second, (READ), Well, this is something we cannot change. Muslims can never eat pork and Hindus will never eat beef, whether cloned or natural. And Fundamental Christians are always against cloning, and they are assumed not to like cloned food. Third, (READ), and now you can imagine the cost of cloning to the government and this cost will be passed on to the taxpayers, and that’s US! I certainly don’t want to pay higher taxes just for people to eat beef from cloned cows or cloned fried chicken. 3. Third, (READ), this means that perhaps cloned food is delicious today and it seems healthy, but we don’t know what will happen later in life. This cloned food might damage the human body in the long run, and the chemicals in cloned food may cause various diseases. More research therefore is

A partnership agreement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

A partnership agreement - Essay Example While such procedure will be effective in prevention of future conflicts, it has been found that conflicts are inevitable due to changes in laws and circumstances. It is also impossible to document every aspect of the partnership and as such, the document needs to be flexible enough to allow the inclusion of changing needs and circumstances of the partnership. Partnership agreements may need to be modified in the instance of divorce settlements, which may lead to the family members of a partner receiving shares, bankruptcy, death, retirement, disability, translocation of a partner, a partner intending to sell after getting a nice offer, debts taken out on the partnership. All of these reasons make strong the argument for the partnership agreement to be made flexible.Divorce Settlements  At the time of getting into marriage, many partners overlook many of the provisions of a partnership agreement. In most instances, it is assumed that divorce or separation will not occur.. However, it has to be acknowledged that divorce and separation are an inevitable occurrence of modern life. It is thus important that since the marital circumstances of the partners may change in the future the partnership agreement be flexible enough to allow the inclusion for the changing circumstances. It s estimated that about a million of the businesses in the US are co owned by wife and husbands in a partnership. That being said it is inevitable that conflicts will arise in instances of divorce or separation of the couple.... All of these reasons make strong the argument for the partnership agreement to be made flexible. Divorce Settlements At the time of getting into marriage, many partners overlook many of the provisions of a partnership agreement. In most instances, it is assumed that divorce or separation will not occur.. However, it has to be acknowledged that divorce and separation are an inevitable occurrence of modern life. It is thus important that since the marital circumstances of the partners may change in the future the partnership agreement be flexible enough to allow the inclusion for the changing circumstances. It s estimated that about a million of the businesses in the US are co owned by wife and husbands in a partnership. That being said it is inevitable that conflicts will arise in instances of divorce or separation of the couple. To add on to that many of the people who enter into business partnerships with other people other than their spouses are usually married. The resources broug ht into the business may thus be considered to belong to the family. Upon divorce, the couple may be required by law to divide the shares in the business in the interests of justice. A partnership agreement that does not take into account such things as divorce may thus need to be amended in order to accommodate the new dispensation. This is best exemplified in Estate of Cohen v. Booth Computers in which Cohen was suing her husband over shares held jointly by both of them. The judge ruled that Cohen was entitled to a share in the company by virtue of marriage since there was no express provision in the partnership agreement that was against such as scenario (Mahler, 2011). Bankruptcy Bankruptcy is the inability of a person to pay

Cloning of Animals Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cloning of Animals - Assignment Example This somatic cell is from the genetic donor. This is a process where â€Å"the nucleus of a somatic cell is transferred to the cytoplasm of an enucleated egg† or an egg whose nucleus is removed in order to remove the female’s DNA. This female is the egg donor. These bad results of cloning like the oversized heads and the twisted limbs are due to the epigenetics problem. This is the â€Å"control of gene expression (specifically transcription), that is not dependent on DNA base sequence.† This means that SCNT, or somatic cell nuclear transfer, produces the epigenetic error. Why? (READ THE CAUSES): The same technology is used, of course. Those animals that are born alive from the SCNT process are processed as food. So far, cows, pigs and sheep are used as food. But cloned animals for food are not that practical. Why ? Because there are 3 basic problems with this: Second, (READ), Well, this is something we cannot change. Muslims can never eat pork and Hindus will never eat beef, whether cloned or natural. And Fundamental Christians are always against cloning, and they are assumed not to like cloned food. Third, (READ), and now you can imagine the cost of cloning to the government and this cost will be passed on to the taxpayers, and that’s US! I certainly don’t want to pay higher taxes just for people to eat beef from cloned cows or cloned fried chicken. 3. Third, (READ), this means that perhaps cloned food is delicious today and it seems healthy, but we don’t know what will happen later in life. This cloned food might damage the human body in the long run, and the chemicals in cloned food may cause various diseases. More research therefore is

American Politics and Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American Politics and Government - Essay Example By examining and addressing these particular issues, we will be able to gain a much more informed and understanding viewpoint on the subject matter at hand, and as well, we will be able to get a better grasp in regards to the matter of the context of political issues today in general. The aim of this paper is to do all of this, and as well address any key and related issues that exist. This is what will be dissertated in the following. When it comes to the issue of the features of American political culture which are used to help balance democracy and elitism in the United States, there are many different features which are present here, and one of the most major is that of the views of political thinkers and historians such as Alexis de Tocqueville, Samuel Kernell, and Robert Goldwin, for example. Tocqueville in particular, as he has discussed in detail - particularly in his work Democracy in America - about such issues as the New World, for instance, and about its burgeoning democratic order. Tocqueville was able to do this properly and efficiently by writing of his travels through American in the early 19th century, and by pointing out several times about how he saw democracy as being a sort of equation, one which balanced liberty and equality, concern for the individual as well as that of the community. Tocqueville points out throughout most of his work Democracy in America that he believes that democracy in America lacks many things, including not only that of the "soundness of judgment which is necessary to select men really deserving of their confidence, but often have not the desire or the inclination to find them out. It cannot be denied that democratic institutions strongly tend to promote the feeling of envy in every human heart, not so much because they afford to everyone the means of rising to the same level with others as because those means perpetually disappoint the persons who employ them" (Tocqueville, 1835). The issue of democracy possibly being in danger of disappearing in the United States is one of incredible significance and one which although has had many doubts along the way as well, has caused an incredible amount of fear and disparagement as well. One of the biggest explanations as to why democracy is considered as being in danger of disappearing in the United States is due to the fact that the freedom of speech is slowly being 'crushed', and it has been considered that the founding fathers of the United States of America themselves would be genuinely concerned in regards to this matter, and about these recent developments in American democracy, and that surely they being who they are would feel that the United States as a country is absolutely facing a clear and present danger, one which is so serious that it has the potential to be able to completely threaten the future of the American experiment. It is considered by some that the biggest threat to democracy in America is actua lly not terrorists, which is what many people seem to automatically

Indian Independence Movement and Modern India Essay Example for Free

Indian Independence Movement and Modern India Essay I am Chandini C Kurup of class IX B standing here to speak to you on this auspicious occasion of Republic Day As we are celebrating the 64th Republic Day of India, we students have some responsibilities to shoulder, and some duties to plunge ourselves. The contribution of students in the struggle for Indian independence and thereafter in the making of modern India can never be negated. From the prehistoric times to the recent years, students in India have played a significant role in shaping the history, culture and demographics of our beloved motherland. Students are not moved by greed, nor touched by the fanaticism and bigotry between brothers and sisters, in religion or otherwise, nor engulfed by the violence that seems to be a standing libel on the world all around. We students are the most pure, the most energetic. And it is the time for us once more to take the oaths and help the nation march forward. Let us take an oath to explore our country in its history, geography, culture and literature as much as we can. It is a pity that we can name several novelists, artists and musicians of England, France, Germany, Russia and many more foreign countries without much thoughts, but need to reach our notebooks and laptops to name even a few of them from our neighboring states. Let us take an oath to understand the immense power of the Indian culture and tradition that have always been the unity in our rich diversity. India was never a nation before the British rule. Our country was forever decided in numerous political pockets, in fact the very concept of a nation is purely Western, yet the concept of a country united through her culture was always there. Only that culture has been the lifeline of India, despite the number of invasions and aggressions on our motherland. If we forget that culture altogether and rush with closed eyes to imitate the West, the end is near. Let us take an oath to do our duties for the country and the environment. If we do all our rough works in the electronic media, we would save lot of papers and trees to make a difference. We can choose not to accept plastic carry bags and request our friends and relatives to follow us. Once in a week, we can offer free tuition to our needy brothers and sisters. Lots of medicines, old books, and old clothes go waste every year; we can donate them to these organizations as well. Our years old shirts that we hate to put on now will bring smiles to many of our friends in need. Morality is the basis and we must not forget that too. We don’t need to be religious and in fact the maker of modern India, Swami Vivekananda, used to hate the manifold rites and customs that make the gap between religions and the common man. But we need to have faith – faith on God, on the essential goodness of man, on the strength and future of our country, and last but not the least, in ourselves. Our nation is made of none but us, and if we can enlighten ourselves we can enlighten the whole nation. We are the future of India, and the way we make ourselves ready for it will decide the fate of the country in the years to come. All good deeds and attempts are mocked by a class of people we must not be afraid nor ashamed of them. All good deeds are achieved through hardships, and we must toil. But all good deeds bring forth a joy to the core of our heart that none can snatch away, and to our last days of lives, that pleasure is going to be our precious possession for sure. Let us respect our country, our nation, our brave soldiers, our Constitution, our national anthem, and our national flag. As we will follow our ways back to home after this ceremony, we might see paper made tricolor flags torn down from ropes and poles and lying on the street dust like garbage; let us spend a few minutes on our way, today at least, to stop and pick them for a better and respectful disposal. The road ahead is a long one, where we have miles to go. With determination and unity we can move forward. On this special occasion, I urge all of you to show the unity and strength and develop the nation where citizens live with peace and mutual understanding.

French Fourth Republic

French Fourth Republic This essay examines the reasons for the fall of the French Fourth Republic (1945-1958), with a focus on the impact of the French-Algerian war as well as examining the other causes that contributed to the demise of the government such as the French Indo-China War as well as what seemed like the inherent instability of the structure of government and the cabinet in the French Fourth Republic. The research question that the essay would be is to what extent was the French-Algerian War the cause of the fall of the French Fourth Republic? The time frame of this essay will be the entire length of the French Fourth Republics reign in government from 1945, following the end of World War, until 1958, when Charles de Gaulle rose to power and formed the French Fifth Republic. This timeframe also encompasses the start of both the French Algerian War and the French Indo-China War in 1954 and 1946 respectively. The stand that this essay will be taking is the view that the French Algerian War was the main cause of the fall of the Fourth Republic. While the instability of the cabinet of the Fourth Republic contributed to its fall due to the infighting among the coalitions, characterized by the 24 different governments in its 13 year reign, it was the controversy over French Algerian war and Algerian independence that led to the intervention from the right-wing supporters in the French Army that led to eventual coup that toppled the French Fourth Republic. Word count: 251 Introduction The fall of the French Fourth Republic saw the return of General Charles de Gaulle to power for the first time since the end of World War 2, serving as the first President of the French Fifth Republic. His return to power was a result of being voted in by the French National Assembly due to the collapse of the previous French Fourth Republic.  [1]   Prior to the fall of the government, there was a strong resistance movement already building up in French Algeria as the local government sought independence from French rule. This culminated in violence against French forces present in the area by the paramilitary nationalist political party, the National Liberation Front or FLN. The problem of Algerian independence was further compounded by the problem of the pied-noirs, or Algerian-French. Among the European colonizers, France had the largest number of its population in its colonies and thus, this means that there would be an extremely large number of refugees should the indigenous government gain independence; around 1 million French would be displaced compared to the 250,000 Dutch and 15,000 Britons.  [2]   Therefore, there was a split in the French Parliament over the handling of the matter due to the contrasting views possessed within the ruling coalition government. Furthermore, the frequency in which the ruling government was replaced also added to the situation as different coalitions had different mandates regarding Algeria. BODY Significance of time frame choice The French Republic was in power from 1945 following the end of World War 2 to its end following the May Crisis in 1958. Its entire government lasted encompassed the entire French Algerian War, which was from 1946-1954, as well as the start as well as the majority of the Algerian War, which started in 1954. Thus, most of the battle-weary troops from the French Indo-China War and World War 2 before that were sent straight into Algeria to fight, causing unhappiness among the men and the generals. Furthermore, as it came to power following the end of World War 2, the government of the Fourth Republic was placed in charge of rebuilding the countrys infrastructure and economy. But, the governance of the Fourth Republic was marred by economic mismanagement.  [3]   French Algerian War France did not have an empire since the time of Napoleon III in the 1860s, an empire which eventually collapsed around 1870. Thus, when Algeria, the oldest and the crown jewel in the 3rd French Empire wanted independence, France was unwilling to relinquish its colony. The response could be attributed back to the 2nd French Empire, when the belief that colonization was a civilizing mission to be carried out amidst a mood of what Harrison terms, chauvinistic expansionism.  [4]   Conflicts between France and Algeria were nothing new by the 1950s. Since the end of World War 2, the Algerian government had been pushing for independence whereas France had in fact, been trying to keep its empire from crumbling after World War 2. Thus, when Algeria, one of Frances oldest colonies tried to declare independence, the conflict that erupted between them quickly tied up the military forces; soldiers who had been fighting in the jungles of French Indochina were quickly reposted to the desert sands of Algeria to fight in another war. This pressure on France for Algerian independence culminated in violence against French troops in Algeria by the National Liberation Front and the National Liberation Army in a war characterized by the use of terror and guerilla attacks against civilians on both sides. This resulted in unpopularity for the war among both the French and Algerian civilians and in particular, the French Army.  [5]   The main cause of the dissatisfaction for the government was the poor leadership and wavering resolve to assure a military solution that the generals perceived the armed forces were receiving under the leadership of the Fourth Republic. However, the government was also disturbed by unchecked military action in Algeria and refused to commit more troops, leaving the French Army without the decisive firepower needed to punch through the resistance.  [6]  Thus generals wished for a strong, authoritarian figure to take control, a figure they saw in Charles de Gaulle  [7]  , unlike then-current French Prime Minister Pierre Pflimlin, whom the generals perceived as indecisive and by May 1958, the loyalty of the military to the government was seen as doubtful.  [8]   Back in France, dissatisfaction regarding the governments plan to cede independence to Algeria resulted in a coup being planned by generals of the French Army, Generals Jean Gracieux, Jacques Massau who supported Admiral Auboyneau, Raoul Salan and Edmond Jouhaud to overthrow the existing government and replace it with Charles de Gaulle as the new head of state. The rogue generals then launched paratroopers into Corsica and threatened to do the same in Paris, with an armored division on standby.  [9]  Thus, the coup, known as the May 1958 crisis in French history, could be seen as the catalyst of the French Fourth Republic being replaced by de Gaulle and the Fifth Republic. Also, the Communist Party was strongly opposed to the war, claiming colonization was imperialist and bourgeoisie.  [10]  As the communist party was the largest party in the various ruling coalition governments, this greatly weakened the governments resolve in dealing with the crisis. In addition, the generals feared that the French government would pull out of Algeria like it did in French Indo-china, thus incurring more damage to French pride as it would portray them losing to their own colonies, the people whom they consider as second-class citizens. Despite the fact that other colonial powers, Britain in particular, were already granting independence to its large colonial empire after World War 2. India, Burma and Pakistan were three such examples of colonies who gained independence after World War 2 Furthermore, the war was unpopular with the civilians. After all, this was the crown jewel in the French Empire with over 1 million French settlers, more than Morocco or Tunisia, and it was seen as vital to maintain what was known as Algerie franà §aise.  [11]  This concept of Algerie franà §aise was, fundamentally, a concept of unity and equality between the colonist and the colony and was popularized in the 1960s by supporters who wanted to keep Algeria a French colony. However, this concept was far from stable, with the indigenous Muslims being denied political representation.  [12]  Thus, tension was built between the mainland government and the second generation French-Algerians, not helped by the deliberate targeting of civilians with bombs, a tactic initially utilized by the French and later by the FLN.  [13]  Furthermore, after widespread reports of the use of torture by the French Army on prisoners-of-war, the reaction in France was one of moral outrage, reduci ng support for the war even further, with renowned French philosopher and political activist Jean-Paul Satre speaking out against the violence.  [14]  Finally, the pied-noirs, or French-Algerian citizens, feared for a negotiated peace with the FLN and thus supported the French Army against the Pflimlin government in an act of open defiance.  [15]   In addition, the use of conscription in the war did not help its popularity, similar to the French Indo-China war before that.  [16]  Therefore, with a lack of support back in the mainland, it reflected poorly in the governments decision-making capabilities and would cause it to decline in popularity and support. There was also much unhappiness from the pied-noirs, who felt that they were being marginalized as second-class citizens having been forced to repatriate to mainland France and were similar in status as the native Algerians.  [17]  Therefore, over 1 million French Algerian joined the Organisation de larmà ©e secrete or OAS, fighting for Algeria to remain under French Rule.  [18]  They formed a formidable fighting force, capable of engaging the French Army in hit-and-run attacks, similar to what the French faced in Indochina earlier. Overall, with the French Indo-china war that just took place earlier, it signaled the collapse of the French Empire that the Fourth Republic had struggled to hold together since the end of the war against the tide of decolonization sweeping across the globe. French Indo-China (Vietnam) War The French Indo-China War could be perceived as the start of French decolonization around the world. The war began in 1946 and ended in 1954 with France officially pulling its troops out of the country following the Geneva Convention when the French Prime Minister at the time, Pierre Mendà ¨s France, agreed to negotiate an armistice with the Viet Minh resistance fighters. The loss of the French forces to the Viet Minh could be blamed on the unstable governmental structure. Due to the high turnover rate of governments, there was no consistent policy for the Indo-China War. For example, the Radical Party was strongly opposed to any form of French colonialism and when Prime Minister and Radical Party member Mendà ¨s France agreed to a ceasefire and withdrawal from Indo-China with the Viet Minh, this was met with opposition from the Nationalists and the Catholics in the French Parliament in particular, the latter who was opposed to the communists. This war had a great impact on the French civilians, who saw this as the start of the fall of the French empire. Support for the war was severely lacking in mainland France, with the majority of the opposition being driven by the French Communist Party. Attempts to sabotage the war effort were made apparent by such scandals like the Henri Martin affair. Furthermore, the war was extremely costly, costing the government up to US$3million a day. Also, the handling of the war divided the already split cabinet further, with the communists leaving the ruling Tripartite alliance and weakening the cabinet further. The war also had a lasting impact on the morale of the French Army, as it would later compound with the defeat in Algeria. This loss greatly affected the pride of the French Army, still recovering from its losses in World War 2. Eventually, the commanders present in Vietnam were eventually reposted to Algeria to fight in another war against guerillas. Overall, the loss of Indo-china greatly affected French pride, having been defeated in World War 2 prior to that as well as having been on the losing side in the Korean War. Thus, this led the various commanders of the armed forces that they were being marginalised by the French government and demand a change in the head of state. Unstable structure Another given factor for the fall of the Fourth Republic was its unstable structure.  [19]  Essentially, the French Fourth Republic and its government was formed by minority representation, which meant that no single party had a clear majority and had to form coalitions in order to rule. The result of this was that consensus was very difficult to achieve due to each party that made up the coalition having their own agenda. The main parties forming most of the coalitions were the Radical Party, who were strong opponents of French colonization, and the Socialists, who formed a coalition with the Communist Party. Despite the coalitions and alliances, individual parties still pursued their own agendas and often did not cooperate with one another. This was characterized by the members of the French Communist Party. However, as a majority of the parties consisted of ex-French Resistance members, newer politicians often held them in high esteem and were easily influenced by them.  [20 ]  21 The Fourth Republic comprised of about 20 governments led by mixture of political parties in its 13 years in governance and was seen as a direct continuation of the Third Republic, along with all its failures. It had favored a parliamentary style of governance while Charles de Gaulle had in fact favored a presidential style of governance. This disagreement resulted in de Gaulle leaving French politics until his return to power in 1958. In comparison to the pre-World War 2 French Third Republic, the Fourth Republics structure of government was essentially the same.  [22]  Both were parliamentary democracies and formed coalitions with other parties to form the majority needed. Thus, most of these parties were centrist in nature due to compromises to both the extreme right and extreme left. In addition, a majority of these parties consisted of extremely loose groupings of members concentrated around a few notable figures.  [23]  This often resulted in ineffective hung parliament s due to the shifting alliances.  [24]  Furthermore, cabinets often relied on an often temporary and conditional parliamentary majority to maintain power. Any divisions in power would often lead to a fall in the cabinet and the fluidity in which the majority often shifted its power, which in turn led to the high turnover rate of cabinets.  [25]  A point to note is that the electoral coalitions formed were not binding contracts, but merely tactical maneuvers and as such, imposed no obligations among the parties involved to act together on legislature.  [26]  One notable example was the when Prime Minister Guy Mollet was in office. Despite being a Socialist minister, his governments campaign in Algeria had in fact contradicted the rhetoric that the Socialist Party was adopting.  [27]   A comparison was made between the structure of government of the French Fourth Republic and the Weimar Republic of Germany by John D. Huber and Cecilia Martinez-Gallardo in the article Cabinet Instability and the Accumulation of Experience: The French Fourth and Fifth Republics in Comparative Perspective. The article takes a rather different stand regarding the point that the alleged instability of the Fourth Republics government was more apparent than real as the key office holders more or less remained the same while the cabinets around it reformed over and over again.  [28]  Thus, this instability is instead attributed to individual members of the cabinet, rather than the entire cabinet as a whole and that the individual accumulation of experience by the ministers served to provide a degree of stability to the cabinet.  [29]   The above point is further endorsed by Roy Macridis in the article Cabinet Instability in the Fourth Republic (1946-1951). In the article, Macridis states that whenever a new cabinet was installed, very rarely was there a complete turnover in personnel, thus ensuring a high rate of continuation between successive cabinets and ministries despite the fact that the average cabinet lasted around six and a half months in the Fourth Republic.  [30]  31 However, it is also noted that despite the relative stability of the individual ministries, the cabinets under the Fourth Republic were still lacking any cohesive central decision-making process. In fact, due to the coalition structure, the various ministerial posts were distributed among the various political parties, namely the Socialists, the Radicals and the MRP (Popular Republican Movement), in accordance to how the cabinet was proportioned at the time. Thus for example, the parliamentary secretaries for the 3 different wings of the military were always divided between the 3 main political parties.  [32]   A point to note is that the Fourth Republic was not popular with voters, with around one in two voters challenging the ability of the government. By 1951, was government was described as an addled Parliament and petering out in obscure intrigues over electoral law.  [33]  This lack of support explains why the French people were willing to embrace a change in the head of state so quickly. This was also due to their failure to find adequate solutions to issues like unemployment, inflation and more importantly, the Algerian situation.  [34]   Evaluation Firstly, the fall of the French Fourth Republic has been attributed to the inherent instability of the cabinets of ministers. With such a high turnover rate of cabinets, it is easy to see how the cabinet could be perceived as weak and volatile. This can be seen by the length of some of the tenures in office of some of the Prime Ministers. However in actual fact, most of the key personnel holders held on to their offices despite the changes in leadership, as noted by Roy Macridis. This lends support to the view that the Fourth Republic merely gave off an air of instability and was in fact more steadfast than what it appeared to be. But, we know that the Army itself was divided among the three political parties due to the coalition structure of government and thus the lack of unity could be seen in the course of the Algerian War, as well as the French Indochina war before that. The Algerian War suffered from a lack of cohesive leadership and battle strategy and this in turn could have led to the pervasive dissatisfaction among the generals, who felt that a change in leadership was necessary to get the job done. This in turn, led to the plan to reinstall war hero Charles de Gaulle as the Prime Minister of a new republic with a coup. Thus, this could be seen as the direct cause of the fall of the Fourth Republic as it directly resulted in the Prime Minister Pierre Pflimlin being replaced and the parliamentary democracy system being scrapped. Furthermore, the French Algerian War also caused the government to lose support of both its citizens in mainland France as well as that of the pied-noirs in Algeria due to the high casualty rate and rumors of torture. The pied-noirs in particular, were demanding independence from France and when their demands were not met by the government, they threw their weight behind the military and took over government offices in protest. Their unhappiness with the government of the Fourth Republic with the war and being forced to seek refuge in Europe was what led to the eventual uprising and support of the OAS. If the pied-noirs had not voiced their unhappiness with the present situation, the government could have just bulldozed their way through the rebels. However, the fact that they still consider Algeria to be the crown jewel of their Empire, coupled by the fact that the pied-noirs numbered nearly 1 million and were still considered by many to be Europeans, this resulted in the previous F rench government getting replaced by the popular de Gaulle, who seemed to sympathise with the plight of the Algerians. However, the unpopularity of the French Fourth Republic could have also led to its eventual collapse. The unhappiness of the population due to the three wars that occurred right after World War 2 as well as the apparent capabilities of their government could have led to their poor performance. We have to note that the Fourth Republic collapsed in 1958, but by as early as 1951, as mentioned in the article by D.M.P., nearly half the population expressed some form of unhappiness with the current government. Thus, this lack of support early on could have contributed to the fall of the Republic as a government who loses support from its people cannot hope to stay in power for long. Therefore, from the evidence above, we can conclude that the while the French Fourth Republic did suffer from some significant flaws that severely hampered its ability to govern the nation, fight multiple wars as well as manage an empire, the Algerian war did in fact drive the already split cabinet even further apart as the multiple parties in charge could not agree to one common agenda on how the Algerian War should be fought out. This in turn, directly affected the outcome of the war. Thus, the decision made by the rogue generals to implement their coup was swayed by the way the French military was locked in a stalemate with the Algerian guerillas. Presumably, if France was winning in Algeria, then the generals would not have any motive to seek a change in government. However, their coup could have been motivated by dissatisfaction with the Fourth Republic and not influenced by the outcome of the Algerian War. In that case, the fall of the government would be blamed on the very reasons why the people were so discontented with the government: its lack of a coherent structure and inability to solve the economic and social problems of France at the time such as unemployment or national debt. Furthermore, with the people of France split regarding the decision over an independent Algeria versus Algerie franà §aise, the ineptitude displayed by the cabinet over the Algerian War only confirmed the lack of faith that the people of France had in their government. Again, the deciding factor in this situation was the Algerian War. The war was the main issue that the people were concerned about. As with other elections, there will always be complaints about jobs, inflation and debt. However, wars are always a major point of contention as the people in a France eventually viewed the Algerian situation as a waste of money and lives. Add that to the widespread rumors of torture which was later proven to be true, it is not unreasonable to claim that the Algerian War was the main cause for the fall of the French Fourth Republic.

Improving Internet Governance Essay -- Internet World Wide Web WWW

Introduction The Internet has become a vital utility allowing for a global exchange of knowledge, communication and commerce. To date, the internet lacks a unified global entity able to provide regulation and enforcement of web related issues. This is a major concern given the internet’s great importance and global influence. The United States should create an international joint body to control and govern the internet. There are several key issues that such a body would need to address. These key issues include; spyware problems, the downside of freedom of speech, illegal file sharing/distribution, regulation of adult material and hacker/terrorists attacks on the internet. Internet governance interests me. I own an internet-based business and have encountered problems with hackers and spyware. My business relies on ecommerce solutions and web- based clients. I’ve been in situations where clients have been unable to access our site due to hacker attacks which have either clogged or compromised our servers. We’ve been left in situations where there’s no authority to turn to for help with such attacks. Internet service providers are limited to dealing with their own clients. They have little to no control over outside attackers. Local police usually have limited knowledge on such incidents and are limited in resources. There’s also a lengthy process involved to process a police report for an internet-based crime. Everything moves in milliseconds on the web. Waiting for a police report to process can allow a hacker to easily escape. The issue of Internet governance is important because of its global impact. The internet is a global medium open to just about anyone. Countries like China have tried to censor websit... ...04): 111-113. Gorski, David. "The Future of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) Subpoena Power on the Internet in Light of the Verizon Cases." Review of Litigation Winter 2005: 149-172. Krause, Jason. "BEWARE OF SPYWARE." ABA Journal 91.6 (2005): 59-60. Laqueur , Walter. "Terrorism via the Internet." Futurist March 1997: 64. Martinsons, Maris. "State Censorship of the Internet in China." Communications of the ACM 48.4 (2005): 67. Snow, Tyson. "Adding Marks to the Mix of an Already Muddled Decision Regarding Public Forums and Freedom of Speech on the Internet." BYU Journal of Public Law 19.1 (2004): 299-316. Tepper, Mitch. "Supreme Court strikes down online porn law." Contemporary Sexuality August 2004: 7. M. Rutkowsky. (1999). intgov00.gif. Avaiable at http://ig.cs.tu-berlin.de/oldstatic/bl/049/intgov00.gif

Macbook Air About Essay

MacBook Air is unbelievably thin and light. But it’s designed to be powerful, capable, durable, and enjoyable to use, with enough battery life to get you through the day. That’s the difference between a notebook that’s simply thin and light and one that’s so much more. Even at less than an inch thin, MacBook Air sets a pretty high standard — by making flash storage standard. Flash chips are very compact, allowing MacBook Air to be incredibly thin and light. Flash is also solid state, meaning there are no moving parts. Which makes it reliable, durable, and quiet. And it takes up much less space — about 90 percent less, in fact. That creates room for other important things, like a bigger battery. So you have a notebook that weighs almost nothing and runs for hours on a single charge. That’s mobility mastered. Multi-Touch technology is part of practically every Apple product. It’s the best and most personal way to interact with your devices. And the optimal way to experience Multi-Touch on a notebook is through a trackpad. That’s precisely the case with MacBook Air. The trackpad’s spacious, all-glass surface doesn’t have a button because the whole thing is the button. And with Multi-Touch gestures in OS X Mountain Lion, you can interact with MacBook Air in ways that feel more intuitive and responsive than ever before. Anyone can try to make a notebook that’s thin and light. Success comes in doing it without cutting corners. That’s why MacBook Air features a full-size keyboard, not a condensed version of what you’re used to. When you type on the MacBook Air, it’s just as comfortable as typing on a desktop keyboard. And the keyboard is backlit, so you can type comfortably even in low-light conditions. A built-in sensor detects changes in the ambient lighting and adjusts the keyboard and display brightness automatically, giving you the perfect illumination in any environment. If you looked inside MacBook Air, you’d see something remarkable: how much space we devoted to the battery. That’s thanks to smaller components such as flash storage. And when the goal is to design the perfect notebook for everyday use, giving priority to the battery just makes sense. With MacBook Air, you can get up to 5 hours of battery life on the 11-inch model and up to 7 hours on the 13-inch model. Put MacBook Air to sleep for more than an hour, and it enters what’s called standby mode. That means you can come back to MacBook Air a day, a week — even up to an entire month — later, and it wakes in an instant. Time is on your side, courtesy of MacBook Air. MacBook Air features a unibody design for both the main enclosure and the display. Unibody construction means a higher-precision, less complex design with fewer parts. And that translates to a notebook that’s exceptionally thin and light, yet durable enough to handle the rigors of everyday use.

Mother courage and her children Essay

By Bertolt Brecht, and Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, are both studies in the political activities and the history and evolution of a society. These plays hold political views that have survived for centuries. In response to the statement made about Bertolt Brecht, Mother Courage and Her Children and Hamlet both make a statement on politics and war. Mother Courage and Her Children was a story of a woman and her children during the Thirty Years War. Early on in the play, Mother Courage predicted that her children would meet their deaths due to the personality characteristics each had; Eilif would die for his bravery, Kattrin for her kindness, and Swiss Cheese for his honesty. As the play progressed, Swiss Cheese did die because of his honesty and Kattrin for her kindness. Mother Courage’s downfall was that she sought to profit from the war to provide for her family, turning a blind eye to her children’s safety. The play ended with Mother Courage moving on with the regiment. Brecht’s Mother Courage and Her Children has an intellectual anti-war message. War in every society is inevitable. However, Brecht took a biased view on this social reality, proclaiming an anti-war message. This message is intellectual because Brecht kept the emotion to a minimum. For example, when Swiss Cheese was executed, the event played out off stage (Brecht 41-42; scene 3). This kept the audience focused on the message Brecht was trying to get across. Brecht’s anti-war message also revealed itself in one of the major themes of the play, war as business. Mother Courage profited from the war, but it cost her her children. Mother Courage was so intent on profiting from the war and providing for her family that her children fell by the wayside. For example, Mother Courage does not pawn her wagon to pay for her son, Swiss Cheese’s, freedom from captivity. She was planning to do this, but when she realized that Swiss Cheese threw the cash box, the box she was planning to get the money from to buy her wagon back after she pawned it to save her son, into the river, she decided that she could not pawn her wagon. Swiss Cheese was then executed (Brecht 38-41; scene 3). Hamlet is the story of a ghost, Prince Hamlet, and a corrupt uncle. At the beginning of the play, Prince Hamlet sees the ghost of his father, the King of Denmark. Hamlet then discovers that his uncle, Claudius, murdered his father in order to become king and marry Hamlet’s mother. The ghost orders Hamlet to seek revenge on Claudius. Hamlet first determines Claudius’s guilt, then seeks to destroy him. Claudius fears for his life, and plots to kill Hamlet. At the end of the play, Hamlet is cut with a poisoned sword and dies, but not before exacting revenge on Claudius for his father’s murder. Shakespeare’s Hamlet also has political ties. Politics provide the setting and characterization for the play. The political situation in the play is apparently unstable. Claudius, Hamlet’s uncle and now King of Denmark, was a wicked politician under whose rule the state of Denmark was suffering. The deceased King Hamlet, Hamlet’s father, was a strong ruler, therefore the state was in good health. The presence of King Hamlet’s ghost was indicative that â€Å"something is rotten in the state of Denmark. † (Shakespeare 1. 4, 100) Hamlet therefore spent the entire play seeking revenge on his uncle. Like in Mother Courage and Her Children , war played a role, but not in the same way. There was an internal war between the members of the royal family in Hamlet. Claudius wanted power, therefore he murdered King Hamlet. This is an inevitable characteristic of human evolution, survival of the fittest. It is human nature to succeed in life. Like it was said in the statement about Bertolt Brecht, this characteristic of human nature is not susceptible to change. It is even seen today in corporate America; people scratch and claw their way to success, no matter who they have to hurt in the process. Such as Mother Courage profited monetarily from the Thirty Years War, Claudius profited politically from the murder of King Hamlet. At the beginning of the play, Claudius revels in his new position as King of Denmark. He thanks his subjects for their support and denies Hamlet’s request to return to the university in Wittenberg (Shakespeare 1. 2). Claudius enjoyed being king until the end of the play when Hamlet avenged his father’s death. The quote about Bertolt Brecht that stated that theater is a political statement and that society is not susceptible to change because of history and evolution is alive and well in both William Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Bertolt Brecht’s Mother Courage and Her Children. War, between both countries and states and family members, is inevitable due to human evolution. Certain individuals profit from these types of wars, such as Mother Courage profiting from the Thirty Years War and Claudius profiting from the death of King Hamlet. War is inevitable, it is how one copes with war that makes the difference. ? Brecht, Bertolt. Mother Courage and Her Children. New York: Arcade Publishing, 1941/1994. ? Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman. In ed. Gerald Weales. The Viking Critical Library. New York: Penguin Books, 1949/1967. ? Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. In ed. Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine. The New Folger Library: Shakespeare. New York: Washington Square Press, 1603/1992.

La Shampoo

La Shampoo is a high quality and more expensive product that has the same marketing strategy over years. From 1989, the line start to slowly decline its sales. The ad agency tried to develop new look campaign, but this solution did nothing for La Shampoo sales and customers didn’t even noticed the change. Caroline, the brand manager wanted a new marketing plan to improve the sales and increase the market share, not to just keep the product remain on retailer’s shelves.She made a marketing meeting with Eric, her product sales manager, and Beth, the representative of the advertisement agency that held La Shampoo account, to discuss their recommendation. 1. Compete on Price : Eric’s solution is to reduce prices permanently as long as long term plan to save major accounts that in danger. Eric argued that the brand will died if we didn’t act very quickly and he saw his solution as a rescuer. Reduce prices is very helpful solution in supporting sales reps and in crease sales volume at least for short time ,but it is not good in building the brand and increasing the brand market share for many reasons .First of all, competing in the price could be very dangerous if other brands lower their prices too specially if they are offering benefits La Shampoo can’t provide, like â€Å"beautiful hair from natural sources†. Secondly , price- driven consumers are not loyal ,so they will go with another brand that is cheaper. 2. Strong Brand Campaign : Beth’s solution is to create new advertisement campaign. This solution seemed better to improve sales ,but there is still no specific changes Beth suggested to repositioning La Shampoo on the customers’ minds.This solution is good if the marketing researches found out the causes of the sales’ decline. Then the new advertisement’s campaign should focus in repairing La Shampoo image and correcting the mistakes that happened in the previous years. So to obtain this so lution marketing researches should be done deeply to better understanding customers . Facts About the Brand: * Brand that has been used mostly between its competitors in the category for two decades must have strong brand equity. * La Shampoo has boor brand management ,because they went from the problem to the solution without auses diagnosis. * Restaging the brand will require a lot of resources. * The alternative proposed by Marni Shin are likely to be too late , the competitor already filled the shelves with such a product . My Recommendations: After doing all researches and surveys needed on the target segment which I think is better to be women between ages of 15 to 50, I suggest two marketing strategies. The first one is for the existing customer base who still buy the product and doesn’t like changes.The other one is for attracting new customer by introducing some values La Shampoo can produce to them. These two plans should consider the following: * * In doing the res earches , should make sure about asking the right question to know the attitude for loyal and former users. * Today’s customers are very sensitive about the values they will get for each dollar they pay. So the advertising campaign must focus on the benefits consumer will have by using the brand such as healthy hair and easy style getting. La Shampoo slogan â€Å"For the Look and Feel of France † is meaningless for the current environment, the people now don’t want to look French. * Some new trails and usages must be found for the brand to communicate them in the new ad campaign. * Keep some product lines without any change for whom already use the product and to keep the base customers. * The new advertisements should support La Shampoo in tapping new customers and protect the current users.

Satan's fall from Heaven Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Satan's fall from Heaven - Research Paper Example Main views/theories on Satan's fall from Heaven The exact time of Satan's fall from Heaven is still clouded and leads to a number of different views and theories on the same. Some of the views/theories are pointed out here. Satan’s fall: between Genesis 1:1 and 1:2 This view/theory is generally known as ‘gap theory’. The chief exponents of this theory believe that the wide time interval between Genesis 1:1 and 1:2 is enough to the Satan’s fall from heaven. Hodge (2011), states that â€Å"Gap theorists try to make the case that the Hebrew in Genesis 1:2 should be translated as â€Å"And the earth became without form, and void† and this is subsequent to Satan’s fall† (p.24). Besides, this theory can be connected to the theory of evolution and the extinction of dinosaurs. When the gap is that of millions of years, there exists high possibility for Satan’s fall from heaven within this time interval. In addition, this theory tries to connect Genesis 1:1 with scientific division of ages. For instance, Genesis 1:1can be evaluated scientifically as the time interval of creation of the whole world by the God. Moreover, Genesis 1:2 can be evaluated as the time interval in which the God judged the whole wor ld. In short, the ‘gap theory’ tries to explain that Satan’s fall from the heaven is in between Genesis 1:1and 1:2. Satan’s fall: between chapters 1 and 2 (Genesis)... Satan’s fall: between chapters 1 and 2 (Genesis) The people who believe in this view/theory do not accept the fact that the earth’s age consists of millions of years. When this view is connected to the God’s creation of the world within six days, the time interval for the creation is limited to an extent. For instance, when the God created the whole world within six days, the age of the earth will be limited to thousands of years. Russell (1987), states that â€Å"The Devil fall from grace because he envied God, wishing to be adored like his maker, and even more because he envied humanity† (p.81). The exponents of this view/theory argue that Satan was created by the God on the first day of creation. Those who believe in this view/theory are of the opinion that Satan’s fall is in between the chapters 1 and 2 (Genesis). To be specific, the Satan in the chapter 3 of genesis is portrayed as a fallen angel. So, there exists high possibility for Satanâ₠¬â„¢s fall between his creation (chapter 1) and portrayal as fallen (chapter 3). So, the exponents of this view/theory argue that Satan’s fall is in between the chapters 1 and 2 (Genesis). Satan’s fall: before chapter 1 (Genesis) This view/theory is based upon the belief that Satan’s fall is not between Genesis 1:1 and 1:2, and chapters 1 and 2 (Genesis), but before chapter 1 (Genesis). This view/theory suggests that Satan was banished from the heaven long before Adam and Eve’s creation. Troyer (2007), states that â€Å" Some people believe Lucifer was kicked out of heaven long before the Garden of Eden was made or before God created the heaven and the earth† (p.116). The main argument is that chapter 1 (Genesis) makes clear that

Final examiantion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Final examiantion - Essay Example A failed marketing campaign has the potential to sink a small business, whereas a large business can write it off as an acceptable loss. The second biggest difference is in the form of staff. Large business have the luxury of many different departments, with each manned by a number of individuals. In smaller business, the manager of the firm may have to take on several key roles, thus limiting his or her ability to be effective in the marketing role. Finally, the last difference in marketing centers on creativity. Large business often have a lot more contacts in the industry, so their marketing campaigns are more likely to be effective with the market. On the other hand, small businesses do not have the leverage to be creative and often have to design unimaginative yet effective marketing campaigns. 3) Marketing strategies that engage with the customer are the most effective for improving service quality for a small business. Small businesses often do not have large marketing budgets , but that is no excuse for not trying to make a connection with the customer. The great thing about small businesses is than customers often gravitate towards them because of the increased face-to-face interaction. The product or service on offer does influence the marketing strategy to be used. Products or services that require technical expertise will often need to have extensive instruction manuals or allow the customer to inquire further. 4) Social media is a great way for any business to make use of technology to better market itself. There are many benefits to a company being actively involved online, such as the low cost associated with it and also the potential to reach a wide market. Consumers prefer marketing that meets them at a place where they feel comfortable with, and many younger people spend hours on social media sites each week. For a company looking to promote itself, the use of social media is a great way to do so because much of the work can be done by customer s of the brand. For example, on Facebook getting comments or likes on company status updates can attract new customers who are friends with people who like the brand. The potential for businesses to use social media is almost endless. 5) The term customer lifetime value (CLV) refers to the monetary value that a company can gain from a particular customer over the course of their lifetime. Measuring CLV can be a difficult procedure over many years due to inflation and changing customer spending power. Comparing data over many decades presents its own challenges because there is no one way to correlate the data over time periods. Firms use CLV in order to determine if it is worth it to spend heavily on consumer marketing campaigns. If there is very little to be gained from capturing a customer, then it would not make sense to pursue that customer through marketing campaigns. Instead of treating customers like people, the CLV thinks of them as assets and determines debits and credits o n both sides of the equation. Despite this, it is an important part of any business because of the need to weigh up the costs and benefits associated with maintaining a relationship with a loyal customer. 6) 7) When determining how a product reaches a customer, it is important to consider the effectiveness of it and also the costs involved. Customers appreciate a timely delivery once they have ordered a product, and their reaction to it will determine whether they will be a returning customer or not. A

Learning Support Assistants Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Learning Support Assistants - Essay Example Whether it should be rhyme based or phoneme based or mix of the two methods. Earlier evidence, like that of Ehri et al (2001) have found that training children to adopt analytic phonologically word based words-level strategies in the early readings help in improving reading and spelling ability. The role of LSAs is to help the children with the poor reading abilities in small groups. They have good experience but only have the basic training. Despite their crucial role with the 'at-risk' students, their contribution has not been fully explored. There have been strong evidences, which show that these teaching assistants can provide crucial support in teaching methodology. Thus the main aim of the research is to find out the effectiveness of LSA based system in the education system where presently this is not typical. There are several ways to teach the phonological and decoding skills. In the rhyme based intervention programmes children are made to pronounce the whole word like 'cut', 'but' and so on. While in the phoneme based method the students are made to give importance to each and every letter of the word, pronounce it and then add them all together. Thus the second aim of the research is to find out which method of intervention will be more effective, rhyme based or phoneme based or the combination of the two. Methodology: The study of intervention was carri... One morning LSAs met with the authors to get the feel of the training material. From first nine responding schools 498 selected students were screened by LSAs to find the poorest students. All the students had experienced three months of Year 1 National Curriculum classes. One LSA was deployed in each school. They were trained to screen the children on the measures of phonological awareness, word reading and spelling, non-word reading and letter-sound knowledge. Screening Materials: Students were made to recite the nursery rhymes if they knew them. If they did not know it then the adults would say a rhyme and check if the child could complete it. The purpose was to clarify if the child knew the word 'rhyme'. In the rhyme matching, the children were shown the picture of the animals. They were then asked to find the picture of an animal that rhymed with some particular picture of animal, say like 'dog'. There were two practice trials and 12 experimental trials in this test. In rhyme generation children were shown the picture of a particular animal and then made to name the other animals whose name matched with that animal. If there were no answers then children were given the examples. In the blending method of screening LSA would pretend to be a Robot and make the sound like /m/-/at/. The children were asked to blend together the sounds and make some word from it like 'mat'. The LSA would complete the work if children did not respond. In the Segmentation method it was opposite, the children were given a word like 'pat'. They were told to break it and sound it like the robot. They had to break the word in either two or three parts. All these phonological tasks were combined together from a single